There are many components of a rooftop solar installation that are important to know about before installing one on your home or commercial building. The most important components are explained below to help you understand how solar panels work and if your home or commercial building is a good candidate for solar.

It all starts with sunlight. The sun sends out tiny packets of energy called photons, which travel over 150 million kilometers in just over 8 minutes to reach Earth.
When photons hit your solar panels, they trigger a process that produces clean, renewable electricity.

Your solar panels—also known as photovoltaic (PV) modules—are installed on your roof (or on the ground if roof space is limited). Each panel contains PV cells that convert sunlight into direct current (DC) electricity.

Homes and businesses run on alternating current (AC), so DC power from your panels must be converted. That’s where inverters come in.
There are two main types:
String inverter – One central unit converts DC from a series of panels into AC. Common for large or commercial systems.
Micro inverters – Small inverters attached to each panel convert DC to AC individually, offering better efficiency in shaded or complex roof layouts.

Even with solar, most homes stay connected to the electrical grid. This allows you to:
Export extra power you generate and receive credits from your utility
Import electricity when your system isn’t producing enough (like at night or on cloudy days)
Think of the grid as a “virtual battery” that balances your energy needs without requiring an expensive battery system—unless you choose to add one for backup power.

Roof
Your roof is the foundation on which the solar panels are mounted so it is important that your roof is in good condition and is relatively unshaded from buildings.
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Electrical Panel
Your electrical panel contains circuit breakers that lead to each electrical load in your building. It is responsible for distributing solar and grid electricity throughout your home.
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Electricity Meter
Your electricity meter is bi-directional meaning that it keeps a count of how much electricity you use from the grid and how much electricity you sell to the grid.
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Electrical Loads
Electrical loads use electricity. This could be lights, computers, your oven, your dryer or the fan in your furnace.
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To understand how solar panels work it is important to understand how electricity flows. The following outlines the 3 ways electricity flows in a home that has a grid-connected solar array depending on the time of day.
During the day, when the solar array is producing electricity and you are using electricity, the solar electricity will first get used in your home. The solar electricity replaces grid electricity, which reduces your electricity bill cost. In this situation, you also avoid variable transmission and distribution costs which provides additional financial benefit.

You sell electricity to the grid when the amount of electricity produced by the solar array is greater than the amount you are using inside your home. This occurs on sunny days when you are using less electricity than your solar array is producing.
Your electricity meter measures how much electricity you are exporting so you can receive a credit on your electricity bill. You won’t end up making money on your bill however if your credit grows large enough, you carry it over into subsequent months.

On cloudy days or at night, the solar array won’t produce enough electricity to meet your electrical needs. In this situation, you import electricity from the grid as you would before getting solar. You are paying for this electricity in the same way as before you had solar. Although your total bill is less due to the two situations above.

Now that you know a bit about how solar panels work, you probably have some questions! Here’s a list of our most frequently asked questions:
QuotePath connects you with vetted local installers and acts as your second set of eyes throughout the entire project.
● We provide up to 3 quotes with an easy-to-compare summary.
● Our engineers review designs and projections so you can trust the numbers.
● We guide you through your options and help you choose the best installer.
● Our team oversees the project to keep it on time, while our mobile app lets you track every step.
Best of all — our service is free for homeowners
Solar panels convert sunlight into D/C electricity which flows through a device called an inverter that creates usable A/C Electricity. The A/C electricity is then used in your home replacing electricity that you would have otherwise purchased from the grid, which reduces your electricity bill cost.
Yes, you will export excess solar electricity to the grid when the amount of electricity produced by the solar array is greater than the amount you are using inside your building. You earn a credit on your electricity bill. Essentially the grid acts as your battery!
On cloudy days or at night, the solar panels won’t produce enough electricity to feed your electrical loads. In this situation, you import electricity from the grid as you would before getting solar. You pay for this electricity in the same way as before you had solar.
No! Most solar installations are grid-connected solar. This means that the grid acts as your battery allowing you to send excess electricity to the grid and import electricity from the grid when needed. Batteries are an extra option to power your home during blackouts. See our recent blog for more details about different battery options.
Check out our grants and incentives page for more info.
The Solar Club is a non-government program that improves cost savings for owners of solar PV in Alberta. Solar Club members can switch between a high electricity rate and a low electricity rate depending on seasonal variation in their Solar energy production. Check out our solar club page for more info.
In Alberta the Solar Club allows you to build up a significant credit in the summer months. In some cases, people are able to have $0 electricity bills all year round. This is possible because the solar club credit is a financial credit, so it can be applied to fixed fees. A solar array that covers at least 100% of your annual electricity needs (net-zero) is required to make $0 bills possible.
It depends! If possible, solar installers will size your system to cover your annual electricity needs (net-zero electrically). In some cases, you may not have enough roof space to reach net zero. Even a system that doesn’t get you to net-zero electricity production can still be a great financial investment.
There are many different types of solar panel systems:
Grid-connected solar – This is the most common system. Your home remains connected to the grid. You are able to sell electricity to the grid when your solar is overproducing and draw electricity from the grid when your solar is underproducing. The grid acts as your battery!
Off-grid solar – This requires batteries or some type of energy storage device. Off-grid solar can be great in situations where a grid electrical connection is extremely expensive or when the grid is unreliable. Batteries are very expensive and rarely make sense from a purely financial perspective.
Hybrid system – It is possible to remain connected to the grid and have a battery backup in case the grid goes down. The battery will provide power to “essential loads” during a blackout.
There are two main ways that solar panels can be mounted on your property
Rooftop solar – This is the most common way to mount solar panels. A racking system is used to mount the solar panels to the roof of a building. Your racking system is designed and stamped by engineers to ensure it is secure and safe.
Ground-mounted solar – Solar panels can also be mounted on the ground when roof space is limited and land is available. This is typically 10% – 25% more expensive than mounting solar on your roof due to longer cable runs, increased racking materials and piling costs.
Pros:
Can be aligned perfectly south to optimize electricity production
Not restricted by roof space
Cons:
Typically 10-20% more expensive than an equivalently sized rooftop system
Uses up valuable land space
The rule of thumb is if your roof has less than 5 years of life left on it, you should replace the shingles before getting solar. Solar will extend the life of the shingles underneath. If you do need to remove the solar for a roof replacement down the road, you could expect to add $2,000 – $4,000 to the cost of your roof replacement. The solar panels will be removed and the roofers will replace the shingles around the racking.
Your electricity bill is made up of fixed fees that you cannot change as well as variable fees that are tied to your electricity use and will be reduced by solar. Electric energy and transmission charges are variable. The distribution charge is made up of a variable charge as well as a fixed daily charge. The rest of the fees like administration, balancing pool, rate riders, and franchise fees are all typically smaller charges and are fixed. So a significant portion of your bill is actually made of variable charges despite how your bill makes it appear.
With no specific information about your home, we typically like to start the conversation at an average installation cost of $15,000 – $30,000 before tax. Having a steep roof, using a large amount of electricity, requiring electrical upgrades or living more than 1 hour from a major urban area are factors that tend to lead to higher total solar installation costs. If you reach out to us we can provide you with a rough cost range based on recent quotes we have seen for properties similar to yours.
As shown above in the “how solar panels work” section, solar panels connect directly to your electrical panel. When solar electricity flows to your panel, it either gets distributed throughout your home or is sent to the grid.
Yes, if you think that your usage will increase in the future or you only have a budget to start with a smaller system, we can size the inverter to allow room for more solar panels in the future. However, for cost reasons, it is ideal if you only need to install solar once.
A solar array can be expanded to include battery storage. The wiring of your grid-tied system can be easily changed to feed into your critical loads panel or battery bank, ensuring that you have power during outages. Note that batteries can be very expensive.
Tier 1 solar panels can withstand hail at over 200 km/h. Typically, any damage caused by extremely large hail would fall under your home insurance for replacement.
Unlike the engine in your car, solar panels are a very simple technology with no moving parts and don’t require much maintenance. In some cases, a panel may malfunction and need replacement which would fall under the manufacturer’s warranty. With a grid-tied system, you may need to manually remove leaves or other debris that drop on the panels over time.
In the same way you would insure any other upgrade that adds value to your home, we recommend that you insure your solar system. If your current insurance provider is unwilling to insure your system, there are several insurance companies out there that are happy to cover solar panels.
All Glean solar installers will offer an installation warranty of 2-5 years that covers roof leak issues. However, if the installation is done properly and by professionals, you don’t need to worry about roof leaks.
Yes, but only around 5% a year. Since snow covers solar when there is little sunlight anyway, the effect of snow is relatively small. In the spring, the panels heat up and melt the snow off relatively quickly so there is no need to get on your roof to clean the snow off your panels.
A home with low electricity bills will be more valuable than a home with high electricity bills (all other things equal). Additionally, as the price of grid electricity goes up your home with low electricity bills will increase in value.

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